Air Transport And Legislation In Europe Tourism Essay Example

Air Transport And Legislation In Europe Tourism Essay Example Air Transport And Legislation In Europe Tourism Essay Air Transport And Legislation In Europe Tourism Essay Created on August 31st 1933, Airfrance is the chief Gallic air hose company. It serves the chief Gallic airdromes and besides many of foreign finish. Her chief ub is situated has AÂ «A Paris Charles De GaulleA AÂ » . KLM: KLM Royal Dutch Airlines is a Dutch air hose company created on October 7th 1919 in Amsterdam in the Netherlands. In 2008, the company is based at Schiphol airdrome in Amsterdam and her fleet flies towards 131 finishs in 65 different states. In 2004, KLM and Air France merged to make the group Air France-KLM, first universe air group functioning 326 finishs accross the universe through of import platforms of correspondence as the Roissy-Charles de Gaulle airdrome or the Schiphol airdrome. KLM is a member of SkyTeam since September, 2004. KLM portions, since June 6th 2005, her trueness plan called Flying Blue with Air France, who is the laminitis of Skyteam. The success of the public offer of exchange on KLM allows the new group, based on the construct AÂ «A a group, two companies, three jobsA AÂ » , to prosecute rapidly its scheme. Three degrees of precedences were released: the chase of the control of the costs for each company, the execution of the synergisms, the development of the SkyTeam confederation with the coincident entranceof KLM, Northwest Airlines and Continental Airlines ( ab initio spouses of KLM ) Alitalia: Alitalia is the chief Italian air hose company, created in 1946. From 2006, the Italian authorities looks for campaigners to get Alitalia For the connexions between Italy and France, the companies operate in joint venture ( as a individual company ) . There are really 582 hebdomadal flights for which merely 30,6 % are assured by Alitalia, In January, 2009, the Italian company has eventually accepted the rigorous conditions of the return over by the Air France KLM group. British Air passages: British Airways is the national air hose company of the United Kingdom. It operates domestic and international flights since its chief hub at the London Heathrow airdrome. British Airways is the 3rd European air hose company after the group Air France-KLM and German Lufthansa. British Airways is a laminitis of Oneworld. The scheme of British Airways is to take a firm stand of a good quality of the service, ( good repute of the First category, World ou Europe nine ) . On November 12th, 2009, the company announces that it will unify with Iberia in 2010. On April 8th, 2010, the amalgamation between the company and Iberia is made functionary. The new group will be called AÂ «A International Airlines GroupA AÂ » . A Air Europa: Air Europa Lineas Aereas, is a Spanish air hose company established in 1986. Previously called Air Espana, it was the first private Spanish company to do scheduled flights. Since September 1st, 2007, Air Europa is an associate member of the SkyTeam confederation. On June 22nd, 2010, Air Europa becomes a full member. It belongs to Globalia Corporacion Empresarial S.A. Lufhtansa: Lufhthansa is the first German national air hose company every bit good as the first European air hose company in riders footings transported in forepart of Air France-KLM. Today, it is considered as a pillar of Star Alliance. Lufthansa holds Lufthansa Cargo and since 2005 Swiss International Air Lines. The company was established in 1926 in Austria following the amalgamation of two German companies: Deutsche Aero Lloyd and Junkers Luftverkehr on January 6th. From 1992 the German State began the denationalization of the company which ended in 1997 when it became wholly private. It s chief hub is the international Francfort Airport. On November 27th, 2008, Lufhthansa creates an Italian subordinate, Lufthansa Italia, to set up on the Italian market. The Alliance Between air hose companyA : The confederations between air hose companies are understandings of cooperation between air hose companies. For basically economic grounds an air hose company operates from a individual base, or from a figure really limited. Airline companies make often bilateral understandings with a local company to farm out or interchange services: cheque in, planes care. With the development of the traffic and the competition between companies, these wanted to further client trueness. The chosen tool is the trueness plan which, to work efficaciously has to let the rider to link a upper limit of finishs. The figure of these confederations may non diminish because the United States and the European governments are worried about the maintaining of the competition. The oldest large confederation still here today was found in 1989, when Northwest Airlines and KLM signed an understanding of flight in sharing of large-scale codification: today these two companies are portion of SkyTeam since the amalgamation of KLM with Air France in 2004. Alliance ObjectiveA : Development of client trueness Generation of the services in the airdrome: private waiting suites, local bureau of representation. Addition of the figure s finishs. Unique cheque in and easy correspondence between flights within the same confederation. Similar service on the whole web. The three chief alliancesA : A Star Alliances Oneworld Skyteam Passengers for twelvemonth 586,6 1000000s 329,8 1000000s 395 1000000s Market portion 29,30 % 18 % 19 % Companies ( non tie in member ) Adria Airways Air Canada Air China Air New Zealand ANA Asiana Airlines Austrian Airlines Bluel BMI Brussels Airlines Continental Croatia Airlines Egyptair LOT Polish Airlines Lufhthansa SAS Singapore Airlines South African Airways Spanair Swiss TAM Linhas Aereas TAP Air Portugal Thai Airways International Turkish Airlines United Airlines Us Airways American Airlines British Airways Iberia Cathay Pacific Finnair Japan Airlines LAN Malev Quantas Royal Jordanian S7 Airlines Aeroflot Aeromexico Airfrance KLM Alitalia China Southern Airlines CSA Czech Airline Delta Korean Air Tarom Air Europa Kenya Airways Vietnam Airlines Network: strong point United statess and Canada Caribbean South Americ West Europe Eastern Europe Middle East Asia Australia New Zealand Pacific Island United statess and Canada Mexico Caribbean Central America West Europe Asia Australia and New Zeland Pacific Island United statess and Canada Mexico Caribbean West Europe Eastern Europe Middle East Asia Network: weak point Mexico ( America West Merger ) Africa ( South African Airways ) Africa Australia and New Zeland B ) Legislation in Europe 1 ) AIR SAFETY Safety of the civil air power: common regulations To protect the air conveyance of individuals and the goods, the European Union established applicable common regulations in all the Union to forestall the Acts of the Apostless of illicit intercession. The regulations is applied to all the airdromes or to the parts of airdromes under the district of a state of the EU. The regulations are non merely applied to the airdrome companies but besides to every administration working in the airdrome. Common basic normsA : The common basic norms of protection of the civil air power concern: the airdrome safety airdromes delimited country the safety of aircrafts the riders and the a piece of hand-luggage the registered luggage The cargo and the mail ; the mail and the equipment of air hose company ; the supply of border and letter paper intended for airdromes ; steps of security in flight the enlisting and the preparation of the staff ; the equipments of safety. Aviation security charges This proposal is to set up a common model modulating the indispensable security charges and their computation in order to guarantee transparence in regard of airdrome users. Requirement for air bearers to pass on rider informations This Directive requires air bearers to roll up and convey to the governments of the Member State of finish responsible for boundary line control, informations on their riders. In instance of non-compliance, they can be fined or, in instance of serious misdemeanor, it would take to forfeiture of the conveyance or remotion of the operating license. These informations are transmitted to those governments for enrollment of riders, they are usually sent electronically to the governments. A comprehensive attack to informations transportation Passenger Name Record ( PNR ) This memoranda establishes a set of general standards for bilateral transportation of PNR informations ( PNR ) between the Union ( EU ) and 3rd states to harmonise processs between transmittal and the commissariats refering informations protection. The European Union ( EU ) has adopted new steps to counter the menace of terrorist act and organized offense presented in the Commission Communication on the direction of information in the country of freedom, security and of justness. These steps include the usage of PNR ( Passenger Name Record, PNR ) * for jurisprudence enforcement intents. PNR informations are progressively used, which raises the inquiry of protection of personal informations PNR The present proposition of determination imposes on air hose companies due to go forth towards the European Union ( EU ) to pass on a set of informations, the informations PNR, with the national inhibitory governments. This transmittal is merely realized in the intent to forestall ( warn ) or to contend ( difference ) the terrorist act and the organized criminalism. Airline companies have to pass on by electronic manner, in specific governments, the Unit of measurements of impermanent information ( URP ) , the informations PNR relation to the international flights. THE URP indicated by each Member province, is a being asked to roll up the informations PNR passed on by these bearers. Once the informations were collected by the URP, this one makes their analysis by continuing to an rating of the hazard which put the riders. This rating is intended to aim, towards the standards established by the national jurisprudence, the individuals susceptible to be the object of a elaborate scrutiny. 2 ) International dimensionA : Member provinces can non move merely in the dialogue of understandings of international air services. These services must be treated now by the community: regulations ( IT ) N 847/2004 of the European Parliament and the Council of April 29th 2004. The understandings opened Sky: The opinions of November fifth 2002 of the European Court of Justice, said opened Sky , are the point of going of a common foreign policy of the air power. Opinions opened Sky acquire three spheres: the reserve systems computerized, the intercommunity monetary value lists and the clip slots. Each of them being wholly governed by a community statute law. This understanding plans a entire gap of the transatlantic connexions to the European and American companies. With the new text, the air hose companies of the Union will can: do flights towards the United States since any European airdrome, and whatever their nationality ( the United States so recognize the European nature of these ) A ; operate without restriction on the figure of flights ( larcenies ) , devices and roads ; put the monetary values harmonizing to the market ; mark understandings of cooperation. The aims of this politic are: the realisation on the skyline 2010 of a common air infinite, which will include the IT and all the spouses situated on its South and east bordersA ; re-form the international civil air power. It exist other understandings between the states of the Union and the USA: they authorize the United States to revoke, to suspend or to restrict the right of air hose companies trafic appointed by the signer States. Montreal Agreement on the duty of air hose companies Montreal Agreement was ratified by the Union what allows to hold a unvarying legal model to regulate the duty of air hose companies in instance of harm caused to the riders, to the baggage and to the goods during international journeys.